How Body Defends itself from Disease
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The human body has several defence mechanisms to protect itself from potential harm caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
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The first line of defence includes physical and chemical barriers such as the skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid. These serve to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body.
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The skin acts as a primary barrier, preventing the entry of most pathogens. It secretes sebum, which has antibacterial and antifungal properties.
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Mucous membranes found in the nose, throat and lungs trap pathogens which are then expelled from the body during coughing and sneezing.
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Stomach acid serves to destroy any pathogens which may have been ingested with food.
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In addition to these barriers, the body also has an immune system which serves to destroy pathogens that successfully enter the body.
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This includes white blood cells called phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens in a process known as phagocytosis.
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Another type of white blood cell, the lymphocytes, produce antibodies that specifically target a particular type of pathogen. These antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
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The lymphatic system is also part of the immune system and helps to remove waste and toxins from the body. It also plays a crucial role in combating infections.
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Vaccinations are a vital tool in disease prevention. They stimulate the immune system by exposing it to a harmless version of the pathogen, enabling the body to produce a fast and efficient response if the actual pathogen is encountered.
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The immune system also has a memory component, meaning that it can remember previously encountered pathogens and respond rapidly and effectively during subsequent encounters.
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Combined, all these defence mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing infectious diseases.
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